Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors acarbose, miglitol, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, voglibose have been studied extensively in Europe and Japan; two of them, acarbose and miglitol, are available in the United States. Taken orally, they inhibit the upper gastrointestinal enzymes alpha-glucosidases that convert complex polysaccharide carbohydrates into monosaccharides in a dose-dependent fashion. These drugs therefore slow the absorption of alpha glucosidase inhibitors carbohydrate; the slower rise in postprandial blood glucose concentrations is potentially beneficial in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In addition, the transfer of polysaccharides to the more distal small intestine increases the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 GLP-1 and several other gut hormones [ 1 ].

There is only one tablet of this type used, called acarbose. It is usually used when a healthy diet and physical activity alone has been unsuccessful, although it is sometimes used together with a sulphonylurea. Acarbose works by slowing down the absorption of starchy foods from the intestine. This means that blood glucose levels rise more slowly after meals. Acarbose should always be chewed with the first mouthful of food or swallowed whole with a little liquid immediately before the meal.

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. NCBI Bookshelf. Manahil Akmal ; Roopma Wadhwa. Authors Manahil Akmal ; Roopma Wadhwa 1. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors AGIs are a group of antidiabetic drugs used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This activity outlines the indications, mechanism of action, contraindications, adverse effects, monitoring, and other key elements required by healthcare professionals involved in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Objectives: Identify the mechanism of action and administration of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Describe the adverse effects and contraindications of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Review the appropriate monitoring and toxicity of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Summarize interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to optimize the use of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and improve outcomes. Access free multiple choice questions on this topic. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors AGIs are a class of drugs that are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus alone or combined with other antidiabetic drugs.

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology.

Cardiovascular Diabetology volume 18 , Article number: Cite this article. Metrics details. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors AGIs have been shown to reduce incident type 2 diabetes but their impact on cardiovascular CV disease remains controversial. Of ten trials identified, three met our inclusion criteria for incident type 2 diabetes and four were eligible for CV outcomes. There was little to no heterogeneity between studies, with I 2 values of 0. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors AGIs such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose are oral drugs used in the management of diabetes, primarily to reduce post-prandial glucose concentrations. Their use in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance IGT has been shown to delay progression to diabetes, but their effects on cardiovascular CV outcomes remain uncertain [ 1 ].

Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. NCBI Bookshelf. Alpha glucosidase is an intestinal brush border enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of disaccharides which is necessary for the absorption of starch, dextrins and disaccharides. Inhibition of this enzyme causes malabsorption and slowing of absorption of carbohydrates and decreases the postprandial rise in blood glucose. These drugs may also increase the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 GLP-1 which may contribute to their glucosing lowering effects. Alpha glucosidase inhibitors have been shown to be effective in improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers. Renew my subscription. Not now - I'd like more time to decide. Tags Type your tag names separated by a space and hit enter. Search Johns Hopkins Diabetes Guide. Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors. Alona Crowder, Pharm. Citation Crowder, Alona, et al. Johns Hopkins Guides , www.

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View Topic. Salacia - The new multi-targeted approach in diabetics. Additional information Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. For voglibose, the recommended initial dose is 0. Search all BMC articles Search. Nateglinide and acarbose for postprandial glucose control after optimizing fasting glucose with insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes. PMID CABS contributed to the literature search and performed the analyses. PLoS One. Acarbose Miglitol Voglibose. A previous systematic review evaluated the effects of acarbose on various outcomes, including CV, but it did not include a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [ 2 ]. About this article.

The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors acarbose, miglitol, voglibose have been studied extensively in Europe and Japan; two of them, acarbose and miglitol, are available in the United States.

Save for later Page saved! Acarbose should always be chewed with the first mouthful of food or swallowed whole with a little liquid immediately before the meal. Diabetes and its drivers: the largest epidemic in human history? Data extraction and quality assessment Sources of reporting bias, e. Aggressive treatment of other cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, as well as the use of antiplatelet therapy and inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system have resulted in significant reductions in CVD events in populations with [ 15 ] or without diabetes [ 16 ]. Download citation. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors do not cause hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy or with other agents that do not cause hypoglycemia. Forest plot of incident cardiovascular outcome results for each trial and overall effect. Sources of reporting bias, e. Administration Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are administered orally. Prospective Diabetes Study Treating postprandial hyperglycemia does not appear to delay progression of early type 2 diabetes: the Early Diabetes Intervention Program. The safety of AGIs has not been established in pediatric and pregnant patients, warranting caution if their use is indicated in these populations. Mitiglinide Nateglinide Repaglinide.