Dopaminergic

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Dopaminergic means "related to dopamine " literally, "working on dopamine" , dopamine being a common neurotransmitter. Dopaminergic brain pathways facilitate dopamine-related activity. For example, certain proteins such as the dopamine transporter DAT , vesicular monoamine transporter 2 VMAT 2 , and dopamine receptors can be classified as dopaminergic, and neurons that synthesize or contain dopamine and synapses with dopamine receptors in them may also be labeled as dopaminergic. Enzymes that regulate the biosynthesis or metabolism of dopamine such as aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase or DOPA decarboxylase , monoamine oxidase MAO , and catechol O -methyl transferase COMT may be referred to as dopaminergic as well. Also, any endogenous or exogenous chemical substance that acts to affect dopamine receptors or dopamine release through indirect actions for example, on neurons that synapse onto neurons that release dopamine or express dopamine receptors can also be said to have dopaminergic effects, two prominent examples being opioids , which enhance dopamine release indirectly in the reward pathways , and some substituted amphetamines , which enhance dopamine release directly by binding to and inhibiting VMAT 2.

Dopaminergic

Dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain are the main source of dopamine DA in the mammalian central nervous system. Their loss is associated with one of the most prominent human neurological disorders, Parkinson's disease PD. Dopaminergic neurons are found in a 'harsh' region of the brain, the substantia nigra pars compacta, which is DA-rich and contains both redox available neuromelanin and a high iron content. Although their numbers are few, these dopaminergic neurons play an important role in the control of multiple brain functions including voluntary movement and a broad array of behavioral processes such as mood, reward, addiction, and stress. Studies into the developmental pathways which are involved in the generation of dopaminergic neurons in the brain have led to the identification of several specific transcription factors including Nurr1, Lmx1b and Pitx3, all shown to be important in the development of the mesencephalic dopaminergic system. The selective degeneration of these dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta leads to PD but the exact cause for this nigral cell loss is still unknown. Abstract Dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain are the main source of dopamine DA in the mammalian central nervous system. Publication types Review. Substances Dopamine.

Groenewegen, H, dopaminergic. Wnt1-lmx1a forms a novel autoregulatory loop and controls midbrain dopaminergic differentiation synergistically with dopaminergic SHH-FoxA2 pathway.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Midbrain dopaminergic DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area regulate extrapyramidal movement and important cognitive functions, including motivation, reward associations, and habit learning. Dysfunctions in DA neuron circuitry have been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including addiction and schizophrenia, whereas selective degeneration of DA neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta is a key neuropathological feature in Parkinson disease. Efforts to understand these disorders have focused on dissecting the underlying causes, as well as developing therapeutic strategies to replenish dopamine deficiency. In particular, the promise of cell replacement therapies for clinical intervention has led to extensive research in the identification of mechanisms involved in DA neuron development. It is hoped that a comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms will lead to therapeutic strategies that improve the efficiency of DA neuron production, engraftment, and function.

Dopaminergic means "related to dopamine " literally, "working on dopamine" , dopamine being a common neurotransmitter. Dopaminergic brain pathways facilitate dopamine-related activity. For example, certain proteins such as the dopamine transporter DAT , vesicular monoamine transporter 2 VMAT 2 , and dopamine receptors can be classified as dopaminergic, and neurons that synthesize or contain dopamine and synapses with dopamine receptors in them may also be labeled as dopaminergic. Enzymes that regulate the biosynthesis or metabolism of dopamine such as aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase or DOPA decarboxylase , monoamine oxidase MAO , and catechol O -methyl transferase COMT may be referred to as dopaminergic as well. Also, any endogenous or exogenous chemical substance that acts to affect dopamine receptors or dopamine release through indirect actions for example, on neurons that synapse onto neurons that release dopamine or express dopamine receptors can also be said to have dopaminergic effects, two prominent examples being opioids , which enhance dopamine release indirectly in the reward pathways , and some substituted amphetamines , which enhance dopamine release directly by binding to and inhibiting VMAT 2. The following are examples of dopaminergic substances :. Contents move to sidebar hide.

Dopaminergic

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Archived PDF from the original on 29 April In contrast, intense, chronic and unpredictable stressors have inhibitory effects on DA release induced by prolonged uncontrollable and unavoidable stress 50 , Inside the brain, dopamine plays important roles in executive functions , motor control , motivation , arousal , reinforcement , and reward , as well as lower-level functions including lactation , sexual gratification , and nausea. Amygdala-ventral pallidum pathway decreases dopamine activity after chronic mild stress in rats. Andrews Z. Differential expression analysis of multifactor RNA-Seq experiments with respect to biological variation. Perrier A. Schizophrenia Bull. Brionne T. There are no reports of dopamine in archaea , but it has been detected in some types of bacteria and in the protozoan called Tetrahymena. Kravitz, A. Repeated stressful experiences differently affect limbic dopamine release during and following stress. An additional group of dopamine-secreting neurons is found in the retina of the eye. Earley, Lena F.

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Neuroscience 50 , — Archived from the original on 24 September Full size table. Aversive stressful events may negatively regulate the dopaminergic reward system, perturbing reward sensitivity, which is closely associated with chronic stress-induced depression. The posterior hypothalamus has dopamine neurons that project to the spinal cord, but their function is not well established. The dopamine system plays a crucial role in several aspects of addiction. Cite this article Baik, JH. Front Psychiatry. Similarly, Valenti et al. Nat Rev Dis Primers. Life Sciences.