Longest physics equation

This article summarizes equations in the theory of quantum mechanics. A fundamental physical constant occurring in quantum mechanics is the Planck constanth. The general form of wavefunction for a system of particles, each with position r i and z-component of spin s z i. Sums are over the discrete variable s longest physics equationintegrals over continuous positions r, longest physics equation.

The Standard Model of particle physics is often visualized as a table, similar to the periodic table of elements, and used to describe particle properties, such as mass, charge and spin. The table is also organized to represent how these teeny, tiny bits of matter interact with the fundamental forces of nature. The grand theory of almost everything actually represents a collection of several mathematical models that proved to be timeless interpretations of the laws of physics. This version of the Standard Model is written in the Lagrangian form. The Lagrangian is a fancy way of writing an equation to determine the state of a changing system and explain the maximum possible energy the system can maintain. Technically, the Standard Model can be written in several different formulations, but, despite appearances, the Lagrangian is one of the easiest and most compact ways of presenting the theory. These three lines in the Standard Model are ultraspecific to the gluon, the boson that carries the strong force.

Longest physics equation

In the general theory of relativity , the Einstein field equations EFE ; also known as Einstein's equations relate the geometry of spacetime to the distribution of matter within it. The equations were published by Albert Einstein in in the form of a tensor equation [2] which related the local spacetime curvature expressed by the Einstein tensor with the local energy, momentum and stress within that spacetime expressed by the stress—energy tensor. Analogously to the way that electromagnetic fields are related to the distribution of charges and currents via Maxwell's equations , the EFE relate the spacetime geometry to the distribution of mass—energy, momentum and stress, that is, they determine the metric tensor of spacetime for a given arrangement of stress—energy—momentum in the spacetime. The relationship between the metric tensor and the Einstein tensor allows the EFE to be written as a set of nonlinear partial differential equations when used in this way. The solutions of the EFE are the components of the metric tensor. The inertial trajectories of particles and radiation geodesics in the resulting geometry are then calculated using the geodesic equation. As well as implying local energy—momentum conservation, the EFE reduce to Newton's law of gravitation in the limit of a weak gravitational field and velocities that are much less than the speed of light. Exact solutions for the EFE can only be found under simplifying assumptions such as symmetry. Special classes of exact solutions are most often studied since they model many gravitational phenomena, such as rotating black holes and the expanding universe. Further simplification is achieved in approximating the spacetime as having only small deviations from flat spacetime , leading to the linearized EFE. These equations are used to study phenomena such as gravitational waves. The Einstein field equations EFE may be written in the form: [5] [1]. This is a symmetric second-degree tensor that depends on only the metric tensor and its first and second derivatives. The Einstein gravitational constant is defined as [6] [7].

Relativistic quantum mechanics Quantum field theory Quantum information science Quantum computing Quantum chaos EPR paradox Density matrix Scattering theory Quantum statistical mechanics Quantum machine learning. Spacetime diagrams Minkowski spacetime Einstein—Rosen bridge.

The Standard Model of particle physics is often visualized as a table, similar to the periodic table of elements, and used to describe particle properties, such as mass, charge and spin. The table is also organized to represent how these teeny, tiny bits of matter interact with the fundamental forces of nature. The grand theory of almost everything actually represents a collection of several mathematical models that proved to be timeless interpretations of the laws of physics. This version of the Standard Model is written in the Lagrangian form. The Lagrangian is a fancy way of writing an equation to determine the state of a changing system and explain the maximum possible energy the system can maintain.

Letters and numbers and odd symbols — but also a novel insight into the relationships between fundamental constituents of our physical reality. All equations crystallize something important about the universe, whether it be the relationship between mass and energy, the gravitational attraction between two bodies or the sides of a triangle. The most important part of any equation is the equals sign at its heart. In this way, equations reveal the connections between superficially different quantities or properties. Once linked together, that newly discovered relationship can serve as the basis for future insights. To pick the most important equations is an almost hopeless task.

Longest physics equation

Home » Physics » What is the longest equation? The longest math equation contains around terabytes of text called the Boolean Pythagorean Triples problem. It was first proposed by California-based mathematician Ronald Graham, back in the s. It is a statement that mass and energy are two forms of the same thing, and that one can be converted into the other ibid.

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This last part of the equation includes more ghosts. Light cone World line Minkowski diagram Biquaternions Minkowski space. The Standard Model of particle physics is often visualized as a table, similar to the periodic table of elements, and used to describe particle properties, such as mass, charge and spin. Bibcode : CQGra.. Photons carry electromagnetism, gluons carry the strong force and W and Z bosons carry the weak force. Flat Minkowski space is the simplest example of a vacuum solution. For many years the cosmological constant was almost universally assumed to be zero. Equivalence principle Special relativity World line Pseudo-Riemannian manifold. Viking Adult. The equations were published by Albert Einstein in in the form of a tensor equation [2] which related the local spacetime curvature expressed by the Einstein tensor with the local energy, momentum and stress within that spacetime expressed by the stress—energy tensor. Background Introduction Mathematical formulation. Follow Symmetry on Twitter. Principle of relativity Galilean relativity Galilean transformation Special relativity Doubly special relativity.

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The metric is then written as the sum of the Minkowski metric and a term representing the deviation of the true metric from the Minkowski metric , ignoring higher-power terms. Relevant mathematics. These three lines in the Standard Model are ultraspecific to the gluon, the boson that carries the strong force. Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: General Relativity. The whole thing This version of the Standard Model is written in the Lagrangian form. The equations are more complex than they appear. Archived from the original PDF on History Timeline Tests. The Standard Model of particle physics is often visualized as a table, similar to the periodic table of elements, and used to describe particle properties, such as mass, charge and spin. Relevant mathematics Four-vector Derivations of relativity Spacetime diagrams Differential geometry Curved spacetime Mathematics of general relativity Spacetime topology. Lagrangian standard model. Classical mechanics Old quantum theory Bra—ket notation Hamiltonian Interference.