Minority stress model meyer

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Minority stress theory has widespread research support in explaining health disparities experienced by sexual and gender minorities.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. In this article the author reviews research evidence on the prevalence of mental disorders in lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals LGBs and shows, using meta-analyses, that LGBs have a higher prevalence of mental disorders than heterosexuals. The author offers a conceptual framework for understanding this excess in prevalence of disorder in terms of minority stress —explaining that stigma, prejudice, and discrimination create a hostile and stressful social environment that causes mental health problems. The model describes stress processes, including the experience of prejudice events, expectations of rejection, hiding and concealing, internalized homophobia, and ameliorative coping processes.

Minority stress model meyer

Minority stress describes high levels of stress faced by members of stigmatized minority groups. Over the past three decades, social scientists have found that minority individuals suffer from mental and physical health disparities compared to their peers in majority groups. This research has focused primarily on racial and sexual minorities. For example, Black Americans have been found to suffer elevated rates of hypertension compared to whites. One causal explanation for minority health disparities is the social selection hypothesis, which holds that there is something inherent to being in a minority group e. Instead, research suggests that environmental factors explain minority health disparities better than do genetic factors. A second hypothesis regarding the causes of minority health disparities suggests that minority group members face difficult social situations that lead to poor health. Minority stress theory extends the social causation hypothesis by suggesting that social situations do not lead directly to poor health for minority individuals, but that difficult social situations cause stress for minority individuals, which accrues over time, resulting in long-term health deficits. When being applied to sexual and gender minorities, the term minority stress first appeared in the book Minority Stress in Lesbian Women by Virginia Rae Brooks, later known as Winn Kelly Brooks. Minority Stress Theory, as it is currently referenced, was coined by Illan Meyer in his research study " Minority stress and mental health in gay men.

The transparent self. First, throughout the article I discuss LGB individuals as if they were a homogenous group.

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Minority stress refers to a conceptual model that describes stressors embedded in the social position of sexual minority individuals as causes of health-related conditions, such as mental disorders, psychological distress, physical disorders, health behaviors e. The minority stress model suggests that because of stigma, prejudice, and discrimination, lesbian, gay, and bisexual people experience more stress than do heterosexuals and that this stress can lead to mental and physical disorders. This chapter begins with a brief overview of the minority stress model. It then discusses the domains of health and well-being that are affected by minority stressors, including mental health, physical health, health behaviors, and well-being. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.

Minority stress model meyer

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender LGBT older adults comprise a unique and growing subset of the aging population. The historical context in which they came of age was imbued with victimization and discrimination. These experiences are subjectively stressful and collectively known as minority stress. Older LGBT adults continue to face stressors related to their gender and sexual identities in their daily lives. Importantly, chronic minority stress CMS , like other forms of chronic stress, is harmful to health and well-being. CMS contributes to LGBT health disparities, including cardiovascular disease and depression, conditions that in turn increase risk for premature cognitive decline. Furthermore, long-term exposure to stress hormones is associated with accelerated brain aging.

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Sexual orientation data collection and progress toward Healthy People Racism and mental health: The African American experience. Recent racial incidents in higher education: A preliminary perspective. A threat in the air: how stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. Surveys of schools in several regions of the United States showed that LGB youth are exposed to more discrimination and violence events than their heterosexual peers. Further research must address this apparent contradiction. I am proud of the LGBT community. Internalized homophobia and health issues affecting lesbians and gay men. Some reviewers have contended that suicide is highly prevalent among LGB populations, especially youth Gibson, In: Fox D, Prilleltensky I, editors.

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Formulation of hypotheses about the ratio of untreated cases in the true prevalence studies of functional psychiatric disorders in adults in the United States. Gay-related stress and its correlates among gay and bisexual male adolescents of predominantly Black and Hispanic background. Abstract In this article the author reviews research evidence on the prevalence of mental disorders in lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals LGBs and shows, using meta-analyses, that LGBs have a higher prevalence of mental disorders than heterosexuals. More recently, studies that used improved methodologies, such as random probability sampling, clearer definitions, and improved measurements of suicidality, also found strong evidence for elevation in suicide-related problems among LGB persons. Finally, the review, and the studies I cite, fails to distinguish bisexual individuals from lesbian and gay individuals. Although our examination of identity-based stigma in specific contexts is consistent with recommendations for quantitative intersectional research e. The adjustment of the male overt homosexual. Additionally, attributions to prejudice were more psychologically costly for members of disadvantaged groups as they reminded group members of their disadvantaged status within society, resulting in lower self-worth and perceptions of control. Social stigma. Social stigma and self-esteem: Situational construction of self-worth. A study of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry used particularly convincing methodology to study differences in suicidality between twins Herrell et al. For example, Black Americans have been found to suffer elevated rates of hypertension compared to whites. The studies classified respondents as homosexual or heterosexual only on the basis of past sexual behavior—in 1 year Sandfort et al. Also, although research has documented resilience in the face of minority stress at the individual level, research is needed that examines macro-level processes such as community resilience Meyer, Anomie, a sense of normlessness, lack of social control, and alienation can lead to suicide because basic social needs are not met.