Pyroptosis

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Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Currently, pyroptosis has received more and more attention because of its association with innate immunity and disease. The research scope of pyroptosis has expanded with the discovery of the gasdermin family.

Pyroptosis

Pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory form of lytic programmed cell death that occurs most frequently upon infection with intracellular pathogens and is likely to form part of the antimicrobial response. This process promotes the rapid clearance of various bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan infections by removing intracellular replication niches and enhancing the host's defensive responses. Pyroptosis can take place in immune cells and is also reported to occur in keratinocytes and some epithelial cells. The process is initiated by formation of a large supramolecular complex termed the inflammasome also known as a pyroptosome upon intracellular danger signals. These molecules recruit more immune cells and further perpetuate the inflammatory cascade in the tissue. However, in pathogenic chronic diseases, the inflammatory response does not eradicate the primary stimulus. A chronic form of inflammation ensues that ultimately contributes to tissue damage. Pyroptosis is associated with diseases including autoinflammatory, metabolic , and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer and neurodegeneration. Some examples of pyroptosis include the cell death induced in Salmonella -infected macrophages and abortively HIV -infected T helper cells. This type of inherently pro-inflammatory programmed cell death was named pyroptosis in by Molly Brennan and Dr.

Villanueva, A. The pyroptosome: pyroptosis supramolecular assembly of ASC dimers mediating inflammatory cell death via caspase-1 activation.

Currently, pyroptosis has received more and more attention because of its association with innate immunity and disease. The research scope of pyroptosis has expanded with the discovery of the gasdermin family. A great deal of evidence shows that pyroptosis can affect the development of tumors. The relationship between pyroptosis and tumors is diverse in different tissues and genetic backgrounds. In this review, we provide basic knowledge of pyroptosis, explain the relationship between pyroptosis and tumors, and focus on the significance of pyroptosis in tumor treatment. In addition, we further summarize the possibility of pyroptosis as a potential tumor treatment strategy and describe the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy caused by pyroptosis.

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Diane L. The inflammasome is a macromolecular structure responsible for sensing injury and eliciting a cascade of inflammatory responses.

Pyroptosis

Background: Unraveling the mystery of cell death is one of the most fundamental progresses of life sciences during the past decades. Regulated cell death RCD or programmed cell death PCD is not only essential in embryonic development, but also plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of diseases, especially cancers. Escaping of cell death is one of hallmarks of cancer. Gasdermin family proteins are the executors of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis exerts tumor suppression function and evokes anti-tumor immune responses. Therapeutic regimens, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immune therapy, induce pyroptosis in cancer, which potentiate local and systemic anti-tumor immunity. On the other hand, pyroptosis of normal cells attributes to side effects of anti-cancer therapies.

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Gonzalez-Herrero, I. Proteasome A multiprotein complex that recognizes and degrades polyubiquitinated substrates. Zamboni, D. Hepatic steatosis or cirrhosis is closely related to the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nature Genet. In addition, necroptosis of endothelial cells promotes tumor cell extravasation and metastasis [ 70 ]. Gut 59 , — Front Immunol. Inflammasomes: mechanism of assembly, regulation and signalling. Cell 80 , — DFNA5, a gene involved in hearing loss and cancer: a review.

Journal of Neuroinflammation volume 19 , Article number: Cite this article. Metrics details. It differs from other types of programmed cell death such as apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and NETosis in terms of its morphology and mechanism.

Pore-forming activity and structural autoinhibition of the gasdermin family. MyDmediated signaling prevents development of adenocarcinomas of the colon: role of interleukin High-frequency irreversible electroporation is an effective tumor ablation strategy that induces immunologic cell death and promotes systemic anti-tumor immunity. Caspase cleaves gasdermin D for non-canonical inflammasome signalling. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Kenneth Buck, PhD Feb 28, The ultimate goal of cancer therapeutics, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy that has recently made great achievements, is to maximize the destruction of tumor cells, but minimize the damage to normal tissues. Poyet, J. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Overview of pyroptosis pathways Caspasedependent cell death pathway [ edit ] An alternative pathway that links apoptosis and pyroptosis has been recently proposed.