Lycopene beta cyclase

Carotenoids are important isoprenoids produced in the plastids of photosynthetic organisms that play key lycopene beta cyclase in photoprotection and antioxidative processes, lycopene beta cyclase. Xanthi resulted in increased levels of abscisic acid ABA and especially gibberellins GAsresulting in increased plant yield. In order to understand this phenomenon prior to exporting this genetic strategy to crops, we generated tobacco Nicotiana tabacum cv.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. We also aimed to obtain more information about the endogenous carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and thus provide experimental support for carotenoid metabolic engineering in wheat. The cyclization activity of the encoded protein was demonstrated by heterologous complementation analysis. In addition, changes in TaLCYB expression also affected the expression of several endogenous carotenogenic genes to varying degrees. Our attempt to silence it not only contributes to elucidating the mechanism of carotenoid accumulation in wheat but may also help in breeding wheat varieties with high provitamin A content through RNA interference RNAi to block specific carotenogenic genes in the wheat endosperm. The online version of this article doi

Lycopene beta cyclase

However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of the LCYB gene in plant responses to abiotic stresses are rarely known. This gene has not been used to improve carotenoid contents of sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas L. Shangshu 19 plants. The genes involved in carotenoid and abscisic acid ABA biosynthesis pathways and abiotic stress responses were up-regulated in the transgenic plants. The ABA and proline contents and superoxide dismutase SOD activity were significantly increased, whereas malonaldehyde MDA and H 2 O 2 contents were significantly decreased in the transgenic plants under abiotic stresses. The overall results indicate that the IbLCYB2 gene enhances carotenoid contents and abiotic stress tolerance through positive regulation of carotenoid and ABA biosynthesis pathways in sweetpotato. This gene has the potential to improve carotenoid contents and abiotic stress tolerance in sweetpotato and other plants. Published by Elsevier B. All rights reserved. Substances Carotenoids Intramolecular Lyases lycopene cyclase-isomerase.

To further dissect the hormonal effect on our plants we designed an experiment in which day-old tobacco seedlings grown lycopene beta cyclase agar MS medium were transferred to liquid MS medium in well plates, lycopene beta cyclase, and were subjected to hormone and inhibitor treatments for 7 d. Both vectors included a chimeric aadA gene, including aadA and plastid expression elements Svab and Maliga,for selection of transformed plants.

Metrics details. Carotenoids are a group of C40 isoprenoid molecules that play diverse biological and ecological roles in plants. Genes encoding enzymes involved in carotenoid biosynthetic pathway have been cloned. However, regulation of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and accumulation of specific carotenoid in chromoplasts are not well understood. One of the approaches to understand regulation of carotenoid metabolism is to characterize the promoters of genes encoding proteins involved in carotenoid metabolism. To identify promoter region necessary for regulating developmental expression of the ShCYC-B gene, the full-length promoter and its three different 5' truncated fragments were cloned upstream to the initiation codon of GUS reporter cDNA in binary vectors.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. The composition of carotenoids, along with anthocyanins and chlorophyll, accounts for the distinctive range of colour found in the Actinidia kiwifruit species. Lutein and beta-carotene are the most abundant carotenoids found during fruit development, with beta-carotene concentration increasing rapidly during fruit maturation and ripening. In addition, the accumulation of beta-carotene and lutein is influenced by the temperature at which harvested fruit are stored. Plants accumulate a huge variety of secondary metabolites. Carotenoids are one such group of compounds that are synthesized in the plastids, mainly the chloroplasts and chromoplasts, by enzymes that are nuclear-encoded Hirschberg,

Lycopene beta cyclase

Metrics details. Carotenoids are a group of C40 isoprenoid molecules that play diverse biological and ecological roles in plants. Genes encoding enzymes involved in carotenoid biosynthetic pathway have been cloned.

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To test our hypothesis, we designed two genetic strategies to further increase more than in the nuclear lines and reduce LCYB expression in tobacco plants. As R1 and R3 exhibit a strong and moderate variegated-leaf phenotype, respectively, we decided to examine both green and yellow tissue independently. Kassambara A. The Plant Cell 25 , — Planta , — Transformation of tomato S. Since ubiquitous feedback or forward regulation exists in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and PSY has frequently been reported as the rate-limiting gene in non-green plant tissues [ 28 , 43 - 45 ], the accumulation of lycopene may lead to feedback regulation to suppress TaPSY accompanied by a decrease in total carotenoid content, which might suggest an attenuated phytoene synthesis capacity as a consequence of TaLCYB down-regulation. Expression pattern of CYC-B gene, a low level in leaves and high level in chromoplast-rich flowers and fruits, observed in our study is consistent with the expression patterns previously reported for PDS and PSY1 pTOM5 genes [ 6 , 8 ]. Thus, transplastomic and RNAi lines were always grown and compared in two different groups with their own wild-type control. Although the precise regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in wheat need to be investigated in future, these findings increase our knowledge of carotenoid biosynthesis in wheat and provide novel implications for wheat carotenoid bioengineering. Consistent with GUS assay, in northern analysis also, D promoter fragment showed highest promoter activity in flowers Fig. The leaf tissue for all the experiments qPCR and pigment, metabolite, and hormone quantification were taken from the fourth fully developed bottom to the top leaf from 6-week-old tobacco plants. There was no difference in the localization of GUS activity in fruits among full-length and truncated promoter constructs at various stages of fruit development. From the obtained lines, seven putative transformants one transformed with pJM36 and six with pJM37 were purified to homoplasmy by passing them through additional regeneration cycles under antibiotic selection. All three lines showed a phenotype similar to the wild type after 2 and 4 weeks of growth under greenhouse conditions Fig.

Metrics details. We also aimed to obtain more information about the endogenous carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and thus provide experimental support for carotenoid metabolic engineering in wheat. The cyclization activity of the encoded protein was demonstrated by heterologous complementation analysis.

For histochemical GUS analysis, roots, leaves, flower and fruits at different stages of ripening viz. Plant Cell. Niyogi KK. Previously, plastid transformation approaches aiming to increase isoprenoid content succeeded in tobacco and tomato Apel and Bock, ; Kumar et al. Values in parentheses represent the percentages of each carotenoid composition relative to the total content. Figure 6. Building the synthetic biology toolbox with enzyme variants to expand opportunities for biofortification of provitamin A and other health-promoting carotenoids. Enrichment of provitamin A content in wheat Triticum aestivum L. Functional characterization of the full-length ShCYC-B promoter and its deletion fragments in transient expression system in fruto as well as in stable transgenic tomato revealed that the promoter is developmentally regulated and its expression is upregulated in chromoplast-rich flowers and fruits. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. The CYC-B full-length promoter and its 5' truncated promoter regions were analyzed by transient and stable expression systems using GUS as reporter gene in tomato. Carotenoids as modulators of lipid membrane physical properties.